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Fishes Я us 6S

Page history last edited by Stephan Joanides 13 years, 9 months ago

 

By: Ethan Mayer-Fish, Noah Agarwhaleshark, Felix Sharker, and Michael Brittensalmon

 

Sources:

1.http://www.itsallaboutfish.co.uk/Pictures/Parrot_Fish.JPG

2. http://friendsseminarystephan.pbworks.com/f/fish%20spawning.gif      

3. http://www.biographixmedia.com/biology/trout-fish-anatomy.jpg

4. http://www.dundeesportsmansclub.com/dundee%20pic/ext-anat.jpg

5. Parade of Life. Saddle River: Prentice Hall, 1197.

 

1. What is a vertebrate?

A Vertebrate is an animal that has a backbone, or a vertebral structure.  All vertebrates belong to the phylum Chordata.  

All chordates posses a nerve core, a notochord, and a throat with gill slits. The nerve cord is just an empty tube located in the animals back.  Right below that is  the notochord  which is a long, flexible rod that supports part of the animals body.  In a lot of vertebrates the notochord is replaced by the vertebral column.  The gill slits are paired structures in the throat (pharynx) area that connect the throat cavity with the outside environment.  Water can easily get into the gils letting oxygen pass into the blood vessels in the gills and carbon dioxide to pass out into the water.  Gills are feathery structures where water dwelling animals like fish breath.  There are six groups in the phylum Chordata.  Out of the eight, six are cold-blooded and two are warm-blooded

 


http://www.itsallaboutfish.co.uk/Pictures/Parrot_Fish.JPG

This is a picture of a Parrot Fish, which is native to warm waters, such as the Caribbean.  

 

Shockingly, coral serves as the main source of nutrients in a Parrot Fish's diet. 

 

2. Fish are water dwelling vertebrates that are characterized by their scales, fins, and throats with gill slits. Fish existed in Earth's oceans over 540 million years ago and were the first invertebrates. A fish's diet depends on their species, but they commonly feed on microscopic algae, worms, and dead fish. Like many organisms, over time, types of fish developed special structures, simply to capture the animals they commonly feed on. For instance, swordfish use their long sword to slash schools of fish and digest the dead or wounded prey. Fish possess a closed circulatory system, which means their entire blood is contained within tiny blood vessels. Furthermore, blood is circulated throughout the body in an endless loop: from the heart to the gills and to the remaining body parts. A fish's kidneys, a vital excretory organ, filters out nitrogen from the organism's blood, which forms a colorless gas called ammonia. Like many vertebrates, male fish produce the sperm while female fish produce the eggs. In addition, fish reproduce by either external fertilization, where an egg and sperm join outside of the body, or internal fertilization where conception happens inside the organism.

 

http://friendsseminarystephan.pbworks.com/f/fish%20spawning.gif      

Spawning is a type of external fertilization where the egg unites with the sperm outside of the two reproducing individuals.

3.

Cartilaginous Fish

Examples of Cartilaginous fishes, one of the three classes of fish, are Sharks, Rays, Skates, Sawfishes, and Chinaeras. Cartilaginous fishes' skeleton are made up of cartilage. In addition, most Cartilaginous’ bodies are covered with tooth-like scales. Sharks, probably the most common Cartilaginous fish, have torpedo shaped bodies, curved tails, and mouths on the bottom side of their body. Like many fish, sharks have adapted depending on their common diet. For example, mollusk eating sharks have formed relatively flat teeth, necessary for crunching their prey’s hard outer shell. Rays, who are also Cartilaginous, have two large fins, which they beat together to glide through the water. Usually, Rays stay on the ocean floor and camoflauge with the surrounding sand. It is in this position that many Rays attack their pray with electric currents, and defend themselves with a poisonous tail.

 

4. Diagrams of fish's external and internal structures:

 

http://www.biographixmedia.com/biology/trout-fish-anatomy.jpg

This is a diagram of a cods organs and bone structure.

This is a external diagram of a fish.

http://www.dundeesportsmansclub.com/dundee%20pic/ext-anat.jpg

5. Here are some educational videos concerning our topic:

YouTube plugin error

This is an interesting video that shows how fish hunt. It is also pretty funny.

YouTube plugin error


 

 

     Jawless fishes are the most primitive of all kinds of fish. They have no scales and no paired fins. Their entire skeleton is made out of cartilage, so they are very flexible. Even though they have no bone they are still vertebrates. They have adapted and evolved well, but there are only two species of jawless fishes left. All of the other species have died out already. Lampreys and hagfishes are the only two species left. Hagfishes are the most primitive and most scientists agree that they are the most primitive out of all vertebrates. They are scavengers and make a hole inside their prey so that they can eat it from the inside. One defense mechanism they have is a thick layer of poisonous slime.

 

  Bony fishes are the most common kind of fishes. Unlike jawless fishes and cartilaginous fishes, they have actual bones but, their bones are very small. They usually live in large groups, but not always. Living in groups helps them be safe against predators but it also allows fisherman to catch them easier. Also, unlike jawless fishes they have paired fins, which they use to propel themselves. These paired fins come in all different shapes and sizes, depending on the species and where they live. The fins in most species are supported by small, thin bones called rays. Fishes such as perches and seahorses have these rays, along with most other fishes. Other types of fishes have fins propped up with a fleshy base. These fishes are called lobed-finned fishes. The only species of lobed-finned fishes left are coelacanths. Most fish have organs called swim bladders. Swim baldders are sacs that the fish fill with gas from their body and use to rise and sink. This is one helpful adaptation that fish were able to develop. Fish adapt very well to their suroundings. They are able to adapt to what their predators are, threats, prey, environment and many other things. One example of this is that some eels can produce electric charges up to 650 volts to capture their prey or protect themselves from predators. Flounders also adapted very well. When flounders are young they are shaped like normal fishes, with eyes on either side of their heads and they swim upright. As they grow older the mouth twists and the eye moves to the other side of head so that they can swim along the ocean floor and not be seen. The reason they can stay at the bottom and only come up a bit for short periods is that they have no swim bladders. That means they generaly sink unless they wave their bodies to do up. All fishes are amazing and bony fishes are no exception. They range from small, ordinary fishes, to large crazy-looking fish that live completely in the dark. That is what makes fish so special.

 

Comments (7)

Ethan said

at 11:42 am on May 26, 2010

noah ive done alot so...

Skippy said

at 7:18 pm on May 26, 2010

come on noah finish up

Ethan said

at 10:22 am on May 27, 2010

michael finish the questions and parker convert the notes into paragraphs

michaelmotorcycle said

at 4:22 pm on Jun 2, 2010

whose skippy?

Skippy said

at 8:30 pm on Jun 2, 2010

felix is

Skippy said

at 8:52 pm on Jun 2, 2010

excretory?? where does it say that

Skippy said

at 8:53 pm on Jun 2, 2010

nvm

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